Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics is a field of technology and research focused on the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity using semiconductor devices known as photovoltaic cells or solar cells. This process is based on a physical and chemical phenomenon known as the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect occurs when light incident on a photovoltaic cell causes the generation of an electrical voltage and current, thereby allowing the generation of electricity.

Photovoltaic cells are usually made of semiconductor materials, most commonly silicon, which has the ability to absorb light photons and release free electrons, thus generating an electric current. These cells can be combined into larger units known as solar panels or modules, which are then installed in photovoltaic systems for domestic, commercial or industrial use.

Photovoltaics is a key element in the renewable energy sector and plays an important role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and combating climate change. Its advantages are low operating costs, minimised environmental impact and the ability to provide decentralised energy in remote or isolated areas. Photovoltaic technologies are the subject of ongoing research and development aimed at improving their efficiency, reducing costs and expanding their applications.